Actin polymerization has recently emerged as an important cellular process that regulates smooth muscle contraction. Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) has been implicated in the regulation of actin dynamics and force development in vascular smooth muscle. In the present study, systolic blood pressure was lower in Abl-/- knockout mice compared to wild type mice. The knockout of Abl diminished the tyrosine phosphorylation of p130 Crk-associated substrate (CAS, an adapter protein associated with smooth muscle contraction) in resistance arteries upon stimulation with phenylephrine (PE) or angiotensin II (AngII). Agonist-elicited enhancement of F/G-actin ratios in arteries assessed by fluorescent microscopy was also reduced in Abl-/- mice. It has been known that vinculin is a structural protein that links actin filaments to extracellular matrix via transmembrane integrins whereas paxillin is a signaling protein associated with focal contacts mediating actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The expression of vinculin and paxillin at protein and messenger levels was lower in arterial vessels from Abl knockout mice. However, the agonist-induced increase in myosin phosphorylation was not attenuated in arteries from Abl knockout mice. These results indicate that Abl differentially regulates CAS, vinculin, and paxillin in arterial vessels. The Abl-regulated cellular process and blood pressure are independent of myosin activation in vascular smooth muscle.