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Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteit Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
We determined
the structure of mesenteric small arteries after chronic elevation and
chronic reduction of blood flow. In 6-wk-old rats, we ligated
second-order side branches of every other first-order side branch of
the superior mesenteric artery. This persistently reduced blood flow
(
90%) in the vessels feeding into the ligated trees and
elevated blood flow (+80%) in the nonligated mesenteric artery side
branches. Four weeks after surgery, vessels that had been exposed to
high blood flow (HF) or low blood flow (LF) and vessels from
sham-operated rats (Sham) were isolated and mounted in a pressure
myograph system. At an intraluminal pressure of 100 mmHg, the internal
diameter at rest was larger in HF (533 ± 23 µm) and smaller in LF
(262 ± 14 µm) than in Sham vessels (427 ± 15 µm). Also,
wall and media cross-sectional areas were larger in HF and smaller in
LF than in Sham vessels (media: 22 ± 1, 11 ± 2, and
16 ± 1 × 103
µm2, respectively), but
circumferential wall stress did not differ among groups. DNA content
was significantly increased in HF vessels (+100%) and was not modified
in LF vessels. Maximal vasoconstrictions elicited by high potassium or
norepinephrine were slightly increased in HF vessels but were reduced
by 50% in LF vessels. Thus chronic changes in blood flow give rise to
structural changes that normalize circumferential wall stress. Elevated
blood flow resulted in outward hypertrophic remodeling involving
hyperplasia. Reduced blood flow resulted in inward hypotrophic
remodeling accompanied by hyporeactivity of the arterial smooth muscle.
remodeling; hypertrophy; hyperplasia; circumferential wall stress; wall shear stress; pressure myograph; morphometry
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