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Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Physical Education and Sports School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05403-000
The decrease in cardiac sympathetic tone and
heart rate after low-intensity exercise training may have hemodynamic
consequences in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effects of
exercise training of low and high intensity on resting blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were studied in sedentary (n = 17), low-
(n = 17), and high-intensity
exercise-trained (n = 17) SHR.
Exercise training was performed on a treadmill for 60 min, 5 times per
week for 18 weeks, at 55% or 85% maximum oxygen uptake. Blood
pressure was evaluated by a cannula inserted into the carotid artery,
and cardiac output was evaluated by a microprobe placed around the
ascending aorta. Low-intensity exercise-trained rats had a
significantly lower mean blood pressure than sedentary and
high-intensity exercise-trained rats (160 ± 4 vs. 175 ± 3 and 173 ± 2 mmHg, respectively). Cardiac index (20 ± 1 vs. 24 ± 1 and 24 ± 1 ml · min
1 · 100 g1, respectively) and heart
rate (332 ± 6 vs. 372 ± 14 and 345 ± 9 beats/min,
respectively) were significantly lower in low-intensity exercise-trained rats than in sedentary and high-intensity
exercise-trained rats. No significant difference was observed in stroke
volume index and total peripheral resistance index in all groups
studied. In conclusion, low-intensity, but not high-intensity, exercise training decreases heart rate and cardiac output and, consequently, attenuates hypertension in SHR.
blood pressure; exercise training intensity; hemodynamics
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