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1 Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467, Japan; and 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783, Japan
To investigate the spectral characteristics of
the fluctuation in ventricular response during atrial fibrillation
(AF), R-R interval time series obtained from ambulatory
electrocardiograms were analyzed in 45 patients with chronic AF and in
30 age-matched healthy subjects with normal sinus rhythm (SR). Although
the 24-h R-R interval spectrum during SR showed a
1/f noise-like downsloping linear
pattern when plotted as log power against log frequency, the spectrum
during AF showed an angular shape with a breakpoint at a frequency of
0.005 ± 0.002 Hz, by which the spectrum was separated into
long-term and short-term components with different spectral
characteristics. The short-term component showed a white noise-like
flat spectrum with a spectral exponent (absolute value of the
regression slope) of 0.05 ± 0.08 and an intercept at
10
2 Hz of 4.9 ± 0.3 log(ms2/Hz). The long-term
component had a 1/f noise-like
spectrum with a spectral exponent of 1.26 ± 0.40 and an intercept
at 104 Hz of 7.0 ± 0.3 log(ms2/Hz), which did not differ
significantly from those for the spectrum during SR in the same
frequency range [spectral exponent, 1.36 ± 0.06; intercept at
104 Hz, 7.1 ± 0.3 log(ms2/Hz)]. The R-R
intervals during AF may be a sequence of uncorrelated values over the
short term (within several minutes). Over the longer term, however, the
R-R interval fluctuation shows the long-range negative correlation
suggestive of underlying regulatory processes, and spectral
characteristics indistinguishable from those for SR suggest that the
long-term fluctuations during AF and SR may originate from similar
dynamics of the cardiovascular regulatory systems.
heart rate variability; power spectral analysis; fractal; heart failure
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