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1 Department of Medicine,
This study was designed to assess the effects of
age and physical fitness on vagal modulation of heart rate (HR) during
exercise by analyzing the instantaneous R-R interval variability from
Poincaré plots (SD1) at rest and at different phases of a bicycle
exercise test in a population of healthy males. SD1 normalized for the average R-R interval (SD1n), a
measure of vagal activity, was compared at rest and during exercise
among subjects of ages 24-34 (young,
n = 25), 35-46 (middle-aged,
n = 30), and 47-64 yr (old, n = 25) matched for peak
O2 consumption
(
O2 peak)
and among subjects with
O2 peak of 28-37
(poor, n = 25), 38-45 (average, n = 36), and 46-60
ml · kg
1 · min1
(good, n = 25) matched for age.
SD1n was higher at rest in the young subjects than in the middle-aged or old subjects (39 ± 14, 27 ± 16, and 21 ± 8, respectively;
P < 0.001), but the age-related differences in SD1n were smaller
during exercise [e.g., 11 ± 5, 9 ± 5, and 8 ± 4 at
the level of 100 W; P = not
significant (NS)]. The age-matched subjects with good, average,
and poor O2 peak showed no difference in SD1n at
rest (32 ± 17, 28 ± 13, and 26 ± 11, respectively; P = NS), but
SD1n differed significantly among the groups from a low to a moderate exercise intensity level (e.g., 13 ± 6, 10 ± 5, and 6 ± 3 for good, average, and poor fitness groups, respectively; P < 0.001, 100 W). These data show that poor physical fitness is associated with an
impairment of cardiac vagal function during exercise, whereas aging
itself results in more evident impairment of vagal function at rest.
cardiovascular regulation; Poincaré plot
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