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Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteit Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
We evaluated the reactivity of small arteries
after remodeling induced by elevated or reduced blood flow. In 6-wk-old
rats, every other first-order side branch of the superior mesenteric artery was ligated near the bifurcation of second-order branches. Four
weeks after surgery, vessels that had been exposed to high flow (HF) or
low flow (LF) were isolated and mounted in a pressure myograph at 100 mmHg and were compared with vessels from sham-operated rats (Sham). In
HF: 1) basal lumen diameter was
increased; 2) sensitivity to
norepinephrine, arginine vasopressin, and perivascular nerve
stimulation was not modified; 3)
maximal constrictor responses (
diameter) to these stimuli and 125 mM K+ were increased; and
4) sensitivity and maximal dilator
responses to sodium nitroprusside, acetylcholine, and flow were not
modified. In LF: 1) basal diameter
was reduced; 2) sensitivity to
constrictor stimuli was not altered;
3) maximal responses to all
vasoconstrictors except arginine vasopressin were reduced; and
4) sensitivity but not maximal
dilator responses to sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine was
reduced. During acute flow-induced dilatations, lower shear stress was
maintained in HF (48 ± 7 dyn/cm2) than in Sham (63 ± 10 dyn/cm2), but no shear stress
regulation was observed in LF. These observations indicate that
arterial structural responses to altered blood flow are accompanied by
modified reactivity of the arterial smooth muscle, which entails
changes in responsiveness to neurogenic and endothelium-dependent
stimuli.
resistance arteries; blood flow; remodeling; endothelium; perivascular nerves
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