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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 275: H1040-H1045, 1998;
0363-6135/98 $5.00
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Vol. 275, Issue 3, H1040-H1045, September 1998

Endothelial dysfunction in human hand veins is rapidly reversible after smoking cessation

Heitor Moreno Jr., Stephan Chalon, Akinori Urae, Oranee Tangphao, Ademola K. Abiose, Brian B. Hoffman, and Terrence F. Blaschke

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305-5130; and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304

Cigarette smoking has been shown to impair endothelium-dependent dilation in arteries. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking also impairs endothelium-dependent venodilation and evaluated changes in this response after smoking cessation in a time-course study using the dorsal hand vein technique. Dose-response curves were constructed in smokers and nonsmokers by infusing bradykinin (1-278 ng/min), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and nitroglycerin (0.006-1,583 ng/min), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, into hand veins preconstricted with the selective alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. The maximal venodilation induced by bradykinin was 89 ± 5% in controls (n = 16) and 61 ± 7% in smokers (n = 18; P = 0.02). No difference in nitroglycerin-induced venodilation was observed between the two groups. Coinfusion of L-arginine (0.33 mg/min) markedly improved the bradykinin-induced venodilation in smokers (52 ± 7 to 90 ± 9%; P < 0.01). After acute smoking cessation (n = 7), restoration to normal bradykinin-induced venodilation was observed within 24 h, whereas no change in the response to a maximally effective dose of nitroglycerin (1,583 ng/min) was detected. In a human vein model appropriate for testing vascular functional alterations, this study demonstrates that smoking impairs endothelium-dependent venodilation in heavy smokers. Moreover, this endothelial dysfunction appears to be rapidly reversible after smoking cessation. This model may be useful in studies evaluating mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and interventions to modify it.

endothelium; vasodilation; bradykinin


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