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1 Departments of Endocrinology and 2 Vascular and Renal Diseases, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
Venous compliance
in the calf of humans and its importance for capacitance function in
relation to age were studied with the aid of 22, 44, and 59 mmHg lower
body negative pressure (LBNP). Negative pressure transmission to the
calf as well as changes in calf volume were studied, and venous
compliance was calculated [change in volume with pressure change
(dV/dP)]. The change in capacitance response of the calf with age
(20-70 yr) was evaluated during LBNP 44 mmHg. Transmission of
negative pressure to the subcutaneous tissue was almost full without
any changes with age (92%). However, it was reduced to 80% in the
underlying muscle tissue, irrespective of depth. Venous compliance in
the young was 0.051 ml · 100 ml
1 · mmHg1
and was reduced by 45% to 0.029 ml · 100 ml1 · mmHg1
in the old (P < 0.05). Accordingly,
the capacitance response was reduced by 0.015 ml · 100 ml1 · yr1
(P < 0.005). Furthermore, the
hemodynamic response to hypovolemic circulatory stress was attenuated
with age. The reduced pressure transmission in muscle tissue is
probably due to restriction of the muscle fascia envelope. The reduced
venous compliance with age and the concomitant reduction in capacitance
response during LBNP have implications for both the sympathetic reflex
responses as well as the capacitance response during acute hypovolemic
circulatory stress, which might be defected in aging humans.
distensibility; muscle; vein; transmural pressure
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