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,
, andDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Discovered in
the cardiac sarcolemma, ATP-sensitive
K+
(KATP) channels have more
recently also been identified within the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Yet the consequences of mitochondrial KATP channel activation on
mitochondrial function remain partially documented. Therefore, we
isolated mitochondria from rat hearts and used
K+ channel openers to examine the
effect of mitochondrial KATP
channel opening on mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, ATP generation, Ca2+ transport, and
matrix volume. From a mitochondrial membrane potential of
180 ± 15 mV, K+ channel openers,
pinacidil (100 µM), cromakalim (25 µM), and levcromakalim (20 µM), induced membrane depolarization by 10 ± 7, 25 ± 9, and
24 ± 10 mV, respectively. This effect was abolished by removal of
extramitochondrial K+ or
application of a KATP channel
blocker. K+ channel opener-induced
membrane depolarization was associated with an increase in the rate of
mitochondrial respiration and a decrease in the rate of mitochondrial
ATP synthesis. Furthermore, treatment with a
K+ channel opener released
Ca2+ from mitochondria preloaded
with Ca2+, an effect also
dependent on extramitochondrial K+
concentration and sensitive to
KATP channel blockade. In
addition, K+ channel openers,
cromakalim and pinacidil, increased matrix volume and released
mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c
and adenylate kinase. Thus, in isolated cardiac mitochondria,
KATP channel openers depolarized
the membrane, accelerated respiration, slowed ATP production, released
accumulated Ca2+, produced
swelling, and stimulated efflux of intermembrane proteins. These
observations provide direct evidence for a role of mitochondrial KATP channels in regulating
functions vital for the cardiac mitochondria.
heart; mitochondria; potassium channel openers; calcium
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