AJP - Heart Calcium Transients and Cell-Sarcomere
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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 275: H1886-H1897, 1998;
0363-6135/98 $5.00
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Vol. 275, Issue 5, H1886-H1897, November 1998

SPECIAL COMMUNICATION
High-density epicardial mapping during current injection and ventricular activation in rat hearts

Emilio Macchi1, Massimo Cavalieri1, Donatella Stilli1, Ezio Musso1, Silvana Baruffi1, Giorgio Olivetti2, Philip R. Ershler3, Robert L. Lux3, and Bruno Taccardi3

1 Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Sezione Fisiologia, and 2 Istituto di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Università degli Studi, 43100 Parma, Italy; and 3 Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

The purpose of this study is to report new methods for manufacturing precision electrode arrays for recording high-resolution potential distributions from epicardial surfaces of small-animal hearts. Electrode arrays of 64 leads (8 × 8) and 121 leads (11 × 11) were constructed with a tulle substrate to which insulated, fine silver wires (60-µm diameter) were attached by knots at mesh node intervals of 540 × 720 µm. Insulation was removed at the tips of the knots. Potential distributions and waveforms were recorded from saline solutions and rat heart epicardium during ventricular paced beats and during passive current injection in the diastolic interval. Electrical responses obtained from rat epicardium compared favorably with those observed in studies of larger-animal hearts, which used arrays having greater electrode spacing, and revealed the effects of myocardial anisotropy. Epicardial potentials measured early after stimulation in the region surrounding the pacing site were interpreted in terms of potentials generated by an equivalent quadrupolar source. We conclude that electrode arrays for epicardial mapping of small hearts can be constructed with sufficient ease and precision to allow detailed study of fiber structure and electrophysiology in these hearts in normal and pathological conditions.

high-resolution cardiac mapping; epicardial electrode arrays; epicardial potential distributions in rat heart; cardiac anisotropy; ventricular paced beat


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