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Departments of 1 Physiology and 2 Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9034
Resetting of the
arterial baroreflex is mediated by central (central command) or
peripheral (exercise pressor reflex) mechanisms. The purpose of this
study was to determine the effect of somatosensory input from skeletal
muscle receptors on resetting of the carotid baroreceptor reflex.
Resetting of the baroreflex was determined by measuring carotid sinus
threshold pressure (Pth) during
a ramp protocol that consisted of a linear increase in sinus pressure from 50 to 250 mmHg at ~3 mmHg/s. Experiments were performed in seven
-chloralose-anesthetized and vagotomized dogs. To determine the
effect of skeletal muscle afferent input on resetting, electrically induced muscle contraction was used to activate mechanically and metabolically senstive afferent fibers, whereas passive stretch of the
hindlimb was used to activate predominantly mechanically sensitive
afferent fibers. Pth for heart
rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP) during the control ramp
protocol was 110 ± 4 and 118 ± 7 mmHg, respectively.
Electrically induced muscle contraction increased hindlimb tension (5.7 ± 0.4 kg) and significantly increased
Pth-HR and
Pth-BP above control (135 ± 6 and 141 ± 5 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05). Muscle paralysis prevented the increase in
Pth-HR and
Pth-BP during ventral root
stimulation (104 ± 7 and 116 ± 5 mmHg, respectively;
P = not significant). Passive muscle
stretch (n = 3) increased hindlimb
tension (5.9 ± 0.9 kg) and significantly increased
Pth-BP (125 ± 21 vs. 159 ± 16 mmHg, control vs. contraction; P < 0.05). There was no difference in the magnitude of
Pth resetting between muscle
contraction or stretch. The present study demonstrates that activation
of skeletal muscle afferent fibers, by either muscle contraction or
stretch, increases Pth of the
carotid baroreflex. Therefore, neural input from skeletal muscle
receptors resets the carotid baroreflex in a manner similar to that
ascribed by central command.
cardiovascular regulation; exercise; arterial blood pressure; heart rate; ergoreceptors; medullary neurons; nucleus tractus solitarius
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