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1 Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0412; and 2 Department of Polymer Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
Phospholipid
vesicles encapsulating purified hemoglobin (HbV) were developed to
provide O2-carrying capacity to
plasma expanders. Microvascular perfusion was determined for HbV with
different O2 affinity
(P50 = 9, 16, and 30 mmHg)
prepared by coencapsulating pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) at the
molar ratios of [PLP]/[Hb] = 0, 0.5, and 3, respectively (cf. hamster blood,
P50: 28 mmHg), and suspended in 8 g/dl human serum albumin (HSA). Eighty percent of the red blood cell
(RBC) mass of conscious Syrian golden hamsters fitted with dorsal
skinfold windows was substituted with either of the HbV-HSA
suspensions, washed hamster RBC suspended in HSA (RBC-HSA), and HSA
alone. All three HbV-HSA groups and RBC-HSA groups showed stable blood
pressure and heart rate, which could not be sustained with HSA alone.
Only the HbV (P50 = 9)-HSA group showed an increase in arterial O2
tension (89.8 ± 14.7 mmHg, baseline 58.4 ± 4.0 mmHg) because of
hyperventilation, and microvascular perfusion was decreased, indicating
that facilitated O2 unloading of
HbV by decreasing the O2 affinity
(increasing P50) with PLP as an
allosteric effector is important. Microvascular perfusion and
microvascular and interstitial O2
tensions in the HbV (P50 = 16 and
30)-HSA groups were significantly higher than those in the HSA group.
The O2 release rate from the HbV
was 18-32 s
1 vs. 4.4 s
1 for RBC.
Functional capillary density was improved from 17 to 41% on average by
decreasing P50 from 30 to 16 mmHg,
which appears to be an optimal value for the
P50 in this system.
oxygen carrier; microcirculation; liposome; oxygen dissociation curve; autoregulation
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