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Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
The sympathetic
baroreflex is an important feedback system in stabilization of arterial
pressure. This system can be decomposed into the controlling element
(mechanoneural arc) and the controlled element (neuromechanical arc).
We hypothesized that the intersection of the two operational curves
representing their respective functions on an equilibrium diagram
should define the operating point of the arterial baroreflex. Both
carotid sinuses were isolated in 16 halothane-anesthetized rats. The
vagi and aortic depressor nerves were cut bilaterally. Carotid sinus
pressure (CSP) was sequentially altered in 10-mmHg increments from 80 to 160 mmHg while sympathetic efferent nerve activity (SNA) and
systemic arterial pressure (SAP) were recorded simultaneously under
various hemorrhagic conditions. The mechanoneural arc was characterized
by the response of SNA to CSP and the neuromechanical arc by the
response of SAP to SNA. We parametrically analyzed the relationship
between input and output for each arc using a four-parameter logistic
equation model. In baseline states, the two arcs intersected each other at the point at which the instantaneous gain of each arc attained its
maximum. Severe hemorrhage lowered the gain and offset of the
neuromechanical arc and moved the operating point, whereas the
mechanoneural arc remained unchanged. The operating points measured
under the closed-loop conditions were indistinguishable from those
estimated from the intersections of the two arc curves on the
equilibrium diagram. The average root mean square errors of estimate
for arterial pressure and SNA were 2 and 3%, respectively. Such an analytic approach could explain a mechanism for the
determination of the operating point of the sympathetic baroreflex
system and thus helps us integratively understand its function.
equilibrium diagram; feedback system; mechanoneural arc; neuromechanical arc; operating point; set point
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