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1 Departments of Medicine,
2 Obstetrics,
The vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK) has
been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of vascular wall
abnormalities, but the cellular mechanisms by which BK generates second
messengers that alter vascular function are as yet undefined. Exposure
of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to BK
(10
7 M) produced a rapid
and transient rise in intracellular calcium, which preceded an increase
in tyrosine phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
MAPK activation by BK was observed as early as 1 min, peaked at 5 min,
and returned to baseline by 20 min. Treatment of cells with the
intracellular calcium chelator EGTA-acetoxymethyl ester inhibited
BK-stimulated MAPK activation, suggesting that intracellular calcium
mobilization contributes to the activation of MAPK. The calmodulin
inhibitor W-7 also markedly inhibited BK-induced MAPK phosphorylation
in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. Moreover, the BK-induced
increase in c-fos mRNA levels was
significantly inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor, indicating that
calmodulin is required for BK signaling leading to
c-fos induction. These results
implicate the calcium-calmodulin pathway in the mechanisms for
regulating MAPK activity and the resultant c-fos expression induced by BK in VSMC.
B2-kinin receptor; signal transduction; extracellular regulated kinases
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