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Hypertension and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Despite the evidence that cytokines stimulate
nitric oxide (NO) production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),
several reports recently demonstrated that the hypotensive response
related to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity could be inhibited by the same cytokines. The aim of the present work was to
analyze whether NO generated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)
could modify eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells. Bovine
aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and bovine VSMC (BVSMC) in coculture
were used for the study. Interleukin-1
(IL-1
, 10 ng/ml)-treated
BVSMC, which expressed iNOS protein, decreased eNOS protein expression
in BAEC. The presence of NO antagonists N
-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
(10
3 mol/l) or
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine
(10
3 mol/l) prevented the
decrease in eNOS protein expression induced by IL-1
-treated BVSMC.
Surprisingly, two different NO donors, 3-morpholinosydnonimine
(10
4 mol/l) and
S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine
(10
4 mol/l), failed to
modify eNOS expression in BAEC, suggesting the existence of a
diffusible mediator released from IL-1
-treated BVSMC that acts on
endothelial cells by reducing eNOS expression. The presence of NO
antagonists reduced tumor necrosis factor-
(TNF-
) production by
IL-1
-stimulated BVSMC. This effect was also produced in the presence
of a protein kinase G inhibitor, guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) trilithium salt. A polyclonal antibody against TNF-
prevented eNOS expression in the BAEC-BVSMC coculture. In conclusion, NO by itself failed to modify eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells but increased TNF-
generation by
IL-1
-stimulated BVSMC and, in this way, reduced eNOS expression in
the endothelium.
coculture; endothelial dysfunction; interleukin-1
; nitric oxide
donors; tumor necrosis factor-
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