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1 Experimental Research
Laboratory,
A conscious rabbit model was used to study the
effect of ischemic preconditioning (PC) on stress-activated kinases
[c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases
(JNKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] in an
environment free of surgical trauma and attending external
stress. Ischemic PC (6 cycles of 4-min
ischemia/4-min reperfusion) induced significant activation of
protein kinase C (PKC)-
in the particulate fraction, which was
associated with activation of p46 JNK in the nuclear fraction and p54
JNK in the cytosolic fraction; all of these changes were completely
abolised by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. Selective enhancement of
PKC-
activity in adult rabbit cardiac myocytes resulted in enhanced activity of p46/p54 JNKs, providing direct in vitro evidence that PKC-
is coupled to both kinases. Studies in rabbits
showed that the activation of p46 JNK occurred during ischemia,
whereas that of p54 JNK occurred after reperfusion. A single 4-min
period of ischemia induced a robust activation of the p38 MAPK
cascade, which, however, was attenuated after 5 min of reperfusion and disappeared after six cycles of 4-min ischemia/reperfusion.
Overexpression of PKC-
in cardiac myocytes failed to increase the
p38 MAPK activity. These results demonstrate that ischemic PC activates
p46 and p54 JNKs via a PKC-
-dependent signaling pathway and that
there are important differences between p46 and p54 JNKs with respect
to the subcellular compartment (cytosolic vs. nuclear) and the
mechanism (ischemia vs. reperfusion) of their activation after
ischemic PC.
stress-activated protein kinases; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases; ischemia-reperfusion; protein kinase C
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