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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 277: H2233-H2239, 1999;
0363-6135/99 $5.00
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Vol. 277, Issue 6, H2233-H2239, December 1999

Effect of aging on gender differences in neural control of heart rate

Terry B. J. Kuo1,2, Tsann Lin3, Cheryl C. H. Yang4, Chia-Lin Li5, Chieh-Fu Chen6, and Pesus Chou5

1 Institute of Neuroscience and 4 Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi College of Medicine and Humanities, Hualien 970; 2 Department of Neurology, Tzu Chi Buddhist General Hospital, Hualien 970; 3 Yu-Chi Health Station, Nan-Tou 555; 5 Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112; and 6 National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China

To clarify the influence of gender on sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate in middle-aged subjects and on the subsequent aging process, heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in normal populations of women (n = 598) and men (n = 472) ranging in age from 40 to 79 yr. These groups were divided into eight age strata at 5-yr intervals and were clinically diagnosed as having no hypertension, hypotension, diabetic neuropathy, or cardiac arrhythmia. Frequency-domain analysis of short-term, stationary R-R intervals was performed, which reveals very-low-frequency power (VLF; 0.003-0.04 Hz), low-frequency power (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz), high-frequency power (HF; 0.15-0.40 Hz), the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF), and LF and HF power in normalized units (LF% and HF%, respectively). The distribution of variance, VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF exhibited acute skewness, which was adjusted by natural logarithmic transformation. Women had higher HF in the age strata from 40 to 49 yr, whereas men had higher LF% and LF/HF between 40 and 59 yr. No disparity in HRV measurements was found between the sexes in age strata >= 60 yr. Although absolute measurements of HRV (variance, VLF, LF, and HF) decreased linearly with age, no significant change in relative measurements (LF/HF, LF%, and HF%), especially in men, was detected until age 60 yr. We conclude that middle-aged women and men have a more dominant parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation of heart rate, respectively. The gender-related difference in parasympathetic regulation diminishes after age 50 yr, whereas a significant time delay for the disappearance of sympathetic dominance occurs in men.

autonomic nervous system; gender difference; frequency domain analysis


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