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1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, and 2 Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Montescano, I-27040 Montescano, Italy
We applied spectral techniques to the analysis of
cardiorespiratory signals [instantaneous lung volume (ILV),
instantaneous tidal volume (ITV), arterial O2 saturation
(SaO2) at the ear, heart rate (HR),
systolic (SAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure] during
nonapneic periodic breathing (PB) in 29 awake chronic heart failure
(CHF) patients and estimated the timing relationships between
respiratory and slow cardiovascular (<0.04 Hz)
oscillations. Our aim was 1) to elucidate major
mechanisms involved in cardiorespiratory interactions during PB and
2) to test the hypothesis of a central vasomotor origin of PB.
All cardiovascular signals were characterized by a dominant (
84% of
total power) oscillation at the frequency of PB (mean ± SE: 0.022 ± 0.0008 Hz), highly coherent (0.89), and delayed with respect to ITV (ITV-HR, 2.4 ± 0.72 s; ITV-SAP, 6.7 ± 0.65 s; ITV-DAP, 3.2 ± 0.61 s; P < 0.01). SaO2 was highly
coherent with (coherence function = 0.96 ± 0.009) and almost opposite
in phase to ITV. These findings demonstrate the existence
of a generalized cardiorespiratory rhythm led by the ventilatory
oscillation and suggest that 1) the cyclic increase in
inspiratory drive and cardiopulmonary reflexes and 2)
mechanical effects of PB-induced changes in intrathoracic pressure are
the more likely sources of the HR and blood pressure oscillations, respectively. The timing relationship between ITV and blood pressure signals excludes the possibility that PB represents the effect of a
central vasomotor rhythm.
chemoreceptors; cardiopulmonary receptors; cardiovascular variability; spectral analysis
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