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1 Section of Cardiovascular Sciences and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist Hospital; and 2 Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winters Center for Heart Failure Research, Houston, Texas 77030
Reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium
is associated with a cytokine cascade that reflects a cellular response
to injury. We studied this cascade in the mouse and found that acute
surgical trauma in sham-operated animals obscured early changes in
cytokine induction that occur during myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). Therefore, we utilized a new
implantable device that allows occlusion and reperfusion of the left
anterior descending coronary artery in a closed-chest mouse at any time
after instrumentation. Induction of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor
necrosis factor (TNF)-
mRNA in the whole heart was examined by RNase
protection assay and quantitated by Phosphor- Imager. At 3 h after
instrumentation, levels of IL-6 mRNA in sham-operated animals increased
above those of control naive hearts, whereas this increase did not
occur until after 1 day for TNF-
mRNA. The surgical trauma led to
exaggeration of I/R cytokine induction with greater variance in
response. At 3 days and 1 wk after instrumentation, levels of both IL-6
and TNF-
mRNA in sham-operated animals were comparable to those of naive hearts and induction responses in I/R were much less variant. We
also found that 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion at all time points of recovery (i.e., 3 h and 1, 3, and 7 days after instrumentation) led to a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-
mRNA
levels. In addition, 3 h of permanent occlusion, which did not induce
any mRNA increase after 1 wk postinstrumentation, caused marked
upregulation of IL-6 mRNA in an acutely prepared animal. This study of
early cytokine responses evoked by MI/R highlights the need for
dissipation of acute surgical trauma by using a chronic, closed-chest
mouse preparation.
murine; cytokine; interleukin; inflammation; surgery
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