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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279: H1007-H1014, 2000;
0363-6135/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 3, H1007-H1014, September 2000

Venous emptying mediates a transient vasodilation in the human forearm

M. E. Tschakovsky and R. L. Hughson

Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1

We tested the hypothesis that venous emptying serves as a stimulus for vasodilation in the human forearm. We compared the forearm blood flow (FBF; pulsed Doppler mean blood velocity and echo Doppler brachial artery diameter) response to temporary elevation of a resting forearm from below to above heart level when venous volume was allowed to drain versus when venous drainage was prevented by inflation of an upper arm cuff to ~30 mmHg. Arm elevation resulted in a rapid reduction in venous volume and pressure. Cuff inflation just before elevation effectively prevented these changes. FBF was briefly reduced by ~16% following arm elevation. A transient (86%) increase in blood flow began by ~5 s of arm elevation and peaked by 8 s, indicating a vasodilation. This response was completely abolished by preventing venous emptying. Arterial inflow below heart level was markedly elevated by 343% following brief (4 s) forearm elevation. This hyperemia was minor when venous emptying during forearm elevation had been prevented. We conclude that venous emptying serves as a stimulus for a transient (within 10 s) vasodilation in vivo. This vasodilation can substantially elevate arterial inflow.

blood flow; vein; doppler ultrasound; venoarteriolar reflex


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