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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
Coronary arterioles of exercise-trained (EX) pigs have enhanced nitric oxide (NO·)-dependent dilation. Evidence suggests that the biological half-life of NO· depends in part on the management of the superoxide anion. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that expression of cytosolic copper/zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 is increased in coronary arterioles as a result of exercise training. Male Yucatan pigs either remained sedentary (SED, n = 4) or were EX (n = 4) on a motorized treadmill for 16-20 wk. Individual coronary arterioles (~100-µm unpressurized internal diameter) were dissected and frozen. Coronary arteriole SOD-1 protein (via immunoblots) increased as a result of exercise training (2.16 ± 0.35 times SED levels) as did SOD-1 enzyme activity (measured via inhibition of pyrogallol autooxidation; ~75% increase vs. SED). In addition, SOD-1 mRNA levels (measured via RT-PCR) were higher in EX arterioles (1.68 ± 0.16 times the SED levels). There were no effects of exercise training on the levels of SOD-2 (mitochondrial), catalase, or p67phox proteins. Thus chronic aerobic exercise training selectively increases the levels of SOD-1 mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity in porcine coronary arterioles. Increased SOD-1 could contribute to the enhanced NO·-dependent dilation previously observed in EX porcine coronary arterioles by improving management of superoxide in the vascular cell environment, thus prolonging the biological half-life of NO·.
superoxide dismutase; microcirculation; endothelium; antioxidant enzymes; nitric oxide; endothelium-dependent dilation; oxidative stress
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