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Cardiology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are
an important family of endogenous, protective proteins. Overexpression
of HSPs is protective against cardiac injury. Previously, we observed
that dexamethasone activated heat-shock factor-1 (HSF-1) and induced a
60% increase in HSP72 in adult cardiac myocytes. The mechanism
responsible for this effect of dexamethasone is unknown. Because HSP90
is known to bind the intracellular hormone receptors, we postulated that the interaction between HSP90, the receptors, and HSF was an
important element in activation of HSF-1 by hormones. We hypothesized that there is an equilibrium between HSP90 and the various
receptors/enzymes that it binds and that alteration in levels of
certain hormones will alter the intracellular distribution of HSP90 and
activate HSF-1. We report that, in adult cardiac myocytes, HSF-1
coimmunoprecipitates with HSP90. HSP90 redistributes in cardiac
myocytes after treatment with 17
-estradiol or progesterone. Estrogen
and progesterone activate HSF-1 in adult male isolated cardiac
myocytes, and this is followed by an increase in HSP72 protein.
Testosterone had no effect on HSP levels; however, no androgen receptor
was found in cardiac myocytes; therefore, testosterone would not be
expected to effect binding of HSP90 to HSF. Geldanamycin, which
inactivates HSP90 and prevents it from binding to receptors, activates
HSF-1 and stimulates HSP72 synthesis. Activation of HSF-1 by steroid hormones, resulting from a change in the interaction of HSP90 and
HSF-1, represents a novel pathway for regulating expression of HSPs.
These findings may explain some of the gender differences in
cardiovascular disease.
heat-shock protein 90; heat-shock protein 70; estrogen; progesterone; testosterone; geldanamycin
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