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1 Minerva Institute for Medical Research and 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, SF-00250 Helsinki, Finland
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), a potent endothelium-specific angiogenic factor, in the
regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in cultured human
umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was studied. VEGF
(0.07-1.2 × 10
6 mmol/l) caused a
dose-dependent increase in ACE measured in intact endothelial cells and
increased the expression of ACE mRNA. The stimulatory effect of VEGF
was inhibited by pretreatment of endothelial cells with the tyrosine
kinase inhibitor herbimycin (4.35 × 10
5 mmol/l).
The stimulatory effect of VEGF was potentiated by the selective cGMP
phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast (0.1 mmol/l). The nitric oxide
synthase inhibitor
N
-nitro-L-arginine methyl
ester (L-NAME; 5.4 mmol/l) suppressed the
stimulatory effect of VEGF. The nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX)
inhibitor indomethacin (5 µM) and the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (5 µM) potentiated the stimulatory effect of VEGF, whereas the
selective COX-1 inhibitor resveratrol (5 µM) was without effect. ACE
induction by VEGF was inhibited by the selective protein kinase C (PKC)
inhibitor GF109203X (2.5 × 10
3 mmol/l) and by
downregulating PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In summary,
VEGF induced ACE in cultured HUVECs. Intracellular events such as
tyrosine kinase activation, PKC activation, and increase of cGMP were
probably involved in ACE induction by VEGF. Nitric oxide may partially
contribute to ACE induction by VEGF. The powerful capacity of VEGF to
increase ACE in endothelial cells shown here suggests a synergistic
relation between VEGF and the renin-angiotensin system in vascular
biology and pathophysiology.
human umbilical vein endothelial cells; regulation; signal transduction
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