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1 Department of Medical Physiology and 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77845-1114; and 3 Department of Human Biology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
This review summarizes what is currently known about the role of integrins in the vascular myogenic response. The myogenic response is the rapid and maintained constriction of a blood vessel in response to pressure elevation. A role for integrins in this process has been suggested because these molecules form an important mechanical link between the extracellular matrix and the vascular smooth muscle cytoskeleton. We briefly summarize evidence for a general role of integrins in mechanotransduction. We then describe the integrin subunit combinations known to exist in smooth muscle and the vascular wall matrix proteins that may interact with these integrins. We then discuss the effects of integrin-specific peptides and antibodies on vascular tone and on calcium entry mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle. Because integrin function is linked to the cytoskeleton, we discuss evidence for the role of the cytoskeleton in determining myogenic responsiveness. Finally, we analyze evidence that integrin-linked signaling pathways, such as those involving protein tyrosine phosphorylation cascades and mitogen-activated protein kinases, are required for myogenic tone.
pressure-induced constriction; focal adhesion; protein tyrosine phosphorylation; cytoskeleton; focal adhesion kinase; Src kinase; extracellular matrix; dense plaque
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