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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281: H895-H902, 2001;
0363-6135/01 $5.00
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Vol. 281, Issue 2, H895-H902, August 2001

Negative wave reflections in pulmonary arteries

Ellen H. Hollander1, Jiun-Jr Wang1, Gary M. Dobson1, Kim H. Parker2, and John V. Tyberg1

1 Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1; and 2 Department of Biological and Medical Systems, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2BX

The pulmonary arterial branching pattern suggests that the early systolic forward-going compression wave (FCW) might be reflected as a backward-going expansion wave (BEW). Accordingly, in 11 open-chest anesthetized dogs we measured proximal pulmonary arterial pressure and flow (velocity) and evaluated wave reflection using wave-intensity analysis under low-volume, high-volume, high-volume + 20 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and hypoxic conditions. We defined the reflection coefficient R as the ratio of the energy of the reflected wave (BEW [-]; backward-going compression wave, BCW [+]) to that of the incident wave (FCW [+]). We found that R = -0.07 ± 0.02 under low-volume conditions, which increased in absolute magnitude to -0.20 ± 0.04 (P < 0.01) under high-volume conditions. The addition of PEEP increased R further to -0.26 ± 0.02 (P < 0.01). All of these BEWs were reflected from a site ~3 cm downstream. During hypoxia, the BEW was maintained and a BCW appeared (R = +0.09 ± 0.03) from a closed-end site ~9 cm downstream. The normal pulmonary arterial circulation in the open-chest dog is characterized by negative wave reflection tending to facilitate right ventricular ejection; this reflection increases with increasing blood volume and PEEP.

lung; hemodynamics


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