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1 Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Physical Activity, Disease Prevention, and Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309; 2 Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262; and 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
We determined the independent and
interactive influences of aging and habitual endurance exercise on calf
venous compliance in humans. We tested the hypotheses that calf venous
compliance is 1) reduced with age in sedentary and
endurance-trained men, and 2) elevated in young and older
endurance-trained compared with age-matched sedentary men. We studied 8 young (28 ± 1 yr) and 8 older (65 ± 1) sedentary, and 8 young (27 ± 1) and 8 older (63 ± 2) endurance-trained men.
Calf venous compliance was measured in supine subjects by inflating a
venous collecting cuff, placed above the knee, to 60 mmHg for 8 min and
then decreasing cuff pressure at 1 mmHg/s to 0 mmHg. Calf venous
compliance was determined using the first derivative of the
pressure-volume relation during cuff pressure reduction
(compliance = 
1 + 2 · 2 · cuff pressure). Calf venous
compliance was reduced with age in sedentary (~40%) and
endurance-trained men (~20%) (both P < 0.01).
Furthermore, calf venous compliance was ~70-120% greater in
endurance-trained compared with age-matched sedentary men and ~30%
greater in older endurance-trained compared with young sedentary men
(both P < 0.01). These data indicate that calf venous
compliance is reduced with age in sedentary and endurance-trained men,
but compliance is better preserved in endurance-trained men.
venous capacitance; orthostasis; orthostatic tolerance; blood pressure regulation
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