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1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; 2 Division of Cardiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, 17033; and 3 Lebanon Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lebanon, Pennsylvania 17042
We tested the hypothesis that differences in sympathetic reflex
responses to head-up tilt (HUT) between males (n = 9)
and females (n = 8) were associated with decrements in
postural vasomotor responses in women. Muscle sympathetic nerve
activity (MSNA; microneurography), heart rate, stroke volume (SV;
Doppler), and blood pressure (Finapres) were measured during a
progressive HUT protocol (5 min at each of supine, 20°, 40°, and
60°). MSNA and hemodynamic responses were also measured during the
cold pressor test (CPT) to examine nonbaroreflex neurovascular control.
SV was normalized to body surface area (SVi) to calculate
the index of cardiac output (Qi), and total peripheral
resistance (TPR). During HUT, heart rate increased more in females
versus males (P < 0.001) and SVi and Qi decreased similarly in both groups. Mean arterial
pressure (MAP) increased to a lesser extent in females versus males in the HUT (P < 0.01) but increases in TPR during HUT
were similar. MSNA burst frequency was lower in females versus males in
supine (P < 0.03) but increased similarly during HUT.
Average amplitude/burst increased in 60° HUT for males but not
females. Both males and females demonstrated an increase in MAP as well
as MSNA burst frequency, mean burst amplitude, and total MSNA during
the CPT. However, compared with females, males demonstrated a greater
neural response (
Total MSNA) due to a larger increase in mean burst amplitude (P < 0.05). Therefore, these data
point to gender-specific autonomic responses to cardiovascular stress.
The different MSNA response to postural stress between genders may
contribute importantly to decrements in blood pressure control during
HUT in females.
blood pressure; circulation; nervous system; vasculature
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