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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282: H264-H272, 2002;
0363-6135/02 $5.00
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Vol. 282, Issue 1, H264-H272, January 2002

Sympathetic nonnoradrenergic cutaneous vasoconstriction in women is associated with reproductive hormone status

Dan P. Stephens, Lee Ann T. Bennett, Ken Aoki, Wojciech A. Kosiba, Nisha Charkoudian, and John M. Johnson

Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229

We tested whether a nonnoradrenergic component of reflex vasoconstriction of skin blood flow (SkBF) is sensitive to female reproductive hormones. Six women taking oral contraceptives underwent whole-body cooling during high-hormone (HH) and low-hormone (LH) phases of oral contraceptive use. SkBF was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at sites treated by intradermal injection of yohimbine-propranolol (5 mM and 1 mM; YOPR) to block the effects of norepinephrine (NE) or at saline (Sal) control sites. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured with the use of the Penaz method. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = LDF/mean arterial pressure) was expressed as a percentage of baseline. Whole body skin temperature was decreased from 34 to 31°C in HH and LH. In both HH and LH, CVC at Sal-treated sites was reduced during cooling (CVC = 53.1 ± 8.6% and 54.4 ± 4.2%, both P < 0.05). In HH, CVC at YOPR sites was reduced during cooling (78.8 ± 3.6%, P < 0.05). In contrast, CVC at YOPR sites was not reduced significantly during cooling in LH (CVC = 95.9 ± 2.8%, P > 0.05). Across phases, CVC at YOPR sites during cooling was significantly different (P < 0.05). After cooling, the effects of NE at YOPR sites were completely blocked. These data indicate that a nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction is present in women and is associated with reproductive hormone status.

skin blood flow; cotransmitter; human; cold stress; estrogen; progesterone


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