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1 The Ohio State University Biophysics Program and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus 43210; 2 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
We examined the contributions of the
Ca2+ channels of the sarcolemma and of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum to electromechanical restitution. Extrasystoles
(F1) were interpolated 40-600 ms following a
steady-state beat (F0) in perfused rat ventricles paced at
2 or 3 Hz. Plots of F1/F0 versus the
extrasystolic interval consisted of phase I, which occurred before
relaxation of the steady-state beat, and phase II, which occurred
later. Phase I exhibited a period of enhanced left ventricular pressure
development that coincided with action potential prolongation. Phase I
was eliminated by
BAY K 8644 (100 nM) and FPL 64176 (150 nM),
augmented by 3 µM thapsigargin plus 200 nM ryanodine and unaffected
by KN-93 and KB-R7943. Phase II was accelerated by the Ca2+
channel agonists and by isoproterenol but was eliminated by
thapsigargin plus ryanodine. The results suggest that phase I of
electromechanical restitution is caused by a transient L-type
Ca2+ current facilitation, whereas phase II represents the
recovery of the ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release
Ca2+.
L-type calcium channels; sarcoplasmic reticulum; ryanodine receptors; myocardium; calmodulin
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