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signaling pathway
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0529
Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a central
role in both early and late preconditioning (PC) but its association
with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is not clear in late PC.
This study investigates the PKC signaling pathway in the late PC
induced by activation of adenosine A1 receptor
(A1R) with adenosine agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) and the
effect on iNOS upregulation. Adult male mice were pretreated with
saline or CCPA (100 µg/kg iv) or CCPA (100 µg/kg iv) with PKC-
inhibitor rottlerin (50 µg/kg ip). Twenty-four hours later, the
hearts were isolated and perfused in the Langendorff mode. Hearts were
subjected to 40 min of ischemia, followed by 30 min
reperfusion. After ischemia, the left ventricular end-diastolic
pressure (LVEDP) was significantly improved and the rate-pressure
product (RPP) was significantly higher in the CCPA group compared with
the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) control group. Creatine kinase
release and infarct size were significantly lower in the CCPA group
compared with the I/R control group. These salutary effects of CCPA
were abolished in hearts pretreated with rottlerin. Immunoblotting of
PKC showed that PKC-
was upregulated (150.0 ± 11.4% of
control group) whereas other PKC isoforms remained unchanged, and iNOS
was also significantly increased (146.2 ± 9.0%,
P < 0.05 vs. control group) after 24 h of
treatment with CCPA. The data show that PKC is an important component
of PC with adenosine agonist. It is concluded that activation of
A1R induces late PC via PKC-
and iNOS signaling pathways.
ischemia; myocardial infarction; nitric oxide
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