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1 Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710; and 2 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
To
compare ischemia-reperfusion injury in males versus females
under hypercontractile conditions, perfused hearts from 129J mice
pretreated with 3 mmol/l Ca2+ or 10
8 mol/l
isoproterenol ± 10
6 mol/l
N
-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
(L-NAME) were subjected to 20 min of ischemia and
40 min of reperfusion while 31P NMR spectra were acquired.
Basal contractility increased equivalently in female versus male hearts
with isoproterenol- or Ca2+ treatment. Injury was
equivalent in untreated male versus female hearts but was greater in
isoproterenol or Ca2+-treated male than female hearts, as
indicated by lower postischemic contractile function, ATP, and
PCr. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) expression was
higher in female than male hearts, neuronal NOS (nNOS) did not differ,
and inducible NOS (iNOS) was undetectable. Ischemic NO
production was higher in female than male hearts, and
L-NAME increased injury in female isoproterenol-treated hearts. In summary, isoproterenol or high Ca2+ pretreatment
increased ischemia-reperfusion injury in males more than
females. eNOS expression and NO production were higher in female than
male hearts, and L-NAME blocked female protection. Females
were therefore protected from the detrimental effects of adrenergic
stimulation and Ca2+ loading via a NOS-mediated mechanism.
energetics; gender; nitric oxide synthase; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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