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Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
Endothelial cell ICAM-1 upregulation in
response to TNF-
is mediated in part by reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generated by the endothelial membrane-associated NADPH oxidase
and occurs maximally after 4 h as the synthesis of new protein is
required. However, thrombin-stimulated P-selectin upregulation is
bimodal, the first peak occurring within minutes. We hypothesize that
this early peak, which results from the release of preformed P-selectin
from within Weibel-Palade bodies, is mediated in part by ROS generated from the endothelial membrane-associated xanthine oxidase. We found
that this rapid expression of P-selectin on the surface of endothelial
cells was accompanied by qualitatively parallel increases in ROS
generation. Both P-selectin expression and ROS generation were
inhibited, dose dependently, by the exogenous administration of
disparate cell-permeable antioxidants and also by the inhibition of
either of the known membrane-associated ROS-generating enzymes NADPH
oxidase or xanthine oxidase. This rapid, posttranslational cell
signaling response, mediated by ROS generated not only by the classical
NADPH oxidase but also by xanthine oxidase, may well represent an
important physiological trigger of the microvascular inflammatory response.
signal transduction; NADPH oxidase; xanthine oxidase; oxidant signaling
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