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1 Department of Medicine, Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and 2 Winters Center for Heart Failure Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Measurement of left ventricular (LV)
function is often overlooked in murine studies, which have been used to
analyze the effects of genetic manipulation on cardiac phenotype. The
goal of this study was to address the effects of changes in LV
contractility on indexes of contractility in mice. LV function was
assessed in vivo in closed-chest mice by echocardiography and by LV
catheterization using a conductance pressure-volume (P-V) catheter with
three different interventions that alter contractility by 1)
atrial pacing to increase inotropy by augmentation of the
force-frequency relation (modest increment of inotropy), 2)
dobutamine to maximize inotropy, and 3) esmolol infusion to
decrease contractility. Load-independent parameters derived from P-V
relations, such as slope of end-systolic P-V relations (ESPVR) and
slope of the first maximal pressure derivative over time
(dP/dtmax)-end-diastolic volume relation (dP/dt-EDV), and standard echocardiographic parameters were
measured. The dP/dt-EDV changed the most among parameters
after atrial pacing and dobutamine infusion (percent change, 162.8 ± 95.9% and 271.0 ± 44.0%, respectively). ESPVR was the most
affected by a decrease in LV contractility during esmolol infusion
(percent change, 
49.8 ± 8.3%). However, fractional shortening
failed to detect changes in contractility during atrial pacing and
esmolol infusion and its percent change was <20%. This study
demonstrated that contractile parameters derived from P-V relations
change the most during a change in LV contractility and should
therefore best detect a small change in contractility in mice. Heart
rate has a modest but significant effect on P-V relationship-derived
indexes and must be considered in the evaluation of murine cardiac physiology.
contractile indexes; echocardiography; catheterization; mouse heart
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