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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284: H735-H743, 2003. First published October 17, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00246.2002
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Vol. 284, Issue 2, H735-H743, February 2003

New insights into differential baroreflex control of heart rate in humans

P. J. Fadel1, M. Strømstad2, D. W. Wray1, S. A. Smith1, P. B. Raven1, and N. H. Secher2

1 Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107; and 2 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark

Recent data indicate that bilateral carotid sinus denervation in patients results in a chronic impairment in the rapid reflex control of blood pressure during orthostasis. These findings are inconsistent with previous human experimental investigations indicating a minimal role for the carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex in blood pressure control. Therefore, we reexamined arterial baroreflex [carotid (CBR) and aortic baroreflex (ABR)] control of heart rate (HR) using newly developed methodologies. In 10 healthy men, 27 ± 1 yr old, an abrupt decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was induced nonpharmacologically by releasing a unilateral arterial thigh cuff (300 Torr) after 9 min of resting leg ischemia under two conditions: 1) ABR and CBR deactivation (control) and 2) ABR deactivation. Under control conditions, cuff release decreased MAP by 13 ± 1 mmHg, whereas HR increased 11 ± 2 beats/min. During ABR deactivation, neck suction was gradually applied to maintain carotid sinus transmural pressure during the initial 20 s after cuff release (suction). This attenuated the increase in HR (6 ± 1 beats/min) and caused a greater decrease in MAP (18 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). Furthermore, estimated cardiac baroreflex responsiveness (Delta HR/Delta MAP) was significantly reduced during suction compared with control conditions. These findings suggest that the carotid baroreceptors contribute more importantly to the reflex control of HR than previously reported in healthy individuals.

aortic baroreceptors; blood pressure; carotid baroreceptors; hypotension; neck suction


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