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Regulation of SM22 expression by arginine vasopressin and PDGF-BB in vascular smooth muscle cells

Departments of ¹Medicine and ²Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262

Submitted 3 April 2003 ; accepted in final form 16 June 2003

Vascular smooth muscle (SM) cells (VSMC) undergo phenotypic modulation in vivo and in vitro. This process involves coordinated changes in expression of multiple SM-specific genes. In cultured VSMC, arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases and PDGF decreases expression of SM -actin (SMA), the earliest marker of SM cells (SMC). However, it is unknown whether these agents regulate other SM genes in a similar fashion. SM22 appears secondary to SMA during development and is also a marker for SMC. This study examined the regulation of SM22 expression by AVP and PDGF in cultured VSMC. Levels of SM22 mRNA and protein were increased by AVP and suppressed by PDGF. Consistent with these changes, AVP increased SM22 promoter activity, whereas PDGF inhibited basal promoter activity and blocked AVP-induced increase. Activation of both JNK and p38 MAPK pathways was necessary for AVP-mediated induction of SM22 promoter. Expression of constitutively active Ras produced similar suppressions on SM22 promoter activity as PDGF. Signaling relayed from PDGF/Ras activation involved Raf, or a protein that competes for this site, Ral-GDS, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. Truncational analysis showed that the proximal location of three CArG boxes in the promoter was sufficient for AVP stimulation. Mutations in this CArG box reduced basal and AVP-stimulated promoter activity without effecting PDGF suppression. Overexpression of serum response factor enhanced basal and AVP-stimulated promoter activity but had no effect on PDGF-BB-induced suppression. These data indicate that AVP and PDGF initiate specific signaling pathways that control expression of multiple SM genes leading to phenotypic modulation.

signal transduction; transcriptional regulation; mitogen-activated protein kinase; stress response factor; CArG

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