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Reactive oxygen species are critical mediators of coronary collateral development in a canine model

Departments of ¹Anesthesiology, ²Pharmacology and Toxicology, and ³Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin and ⁴Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226; and ⁵Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112

Submitted 7 April 2003 ; accepted in final form 13 June 2003

Recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC). We tested the hypothesis that ROS serve as crucial messengers during coronary collateral development. Dogs were subjected to brief (2 min), repetitive coronary artery occlusions (1/h, 8/day, 21 day duration) in the absence (occlusion, n = 8) or presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (occlusion + NAC, n = 8). A sham group (n = 8) was instrumented identically but received no occlusions. In separate experiments, ROS generation after a single 2-min coronary artery occlusion was assessed with dihydroethidium fluorescence. Coronary collateral blood flow (expressed as a percentage of normal zone flow) was significantly increased (71 ± 7%) in occlusion dogs after 21 days but remained unchanged (13 ± 3%) in sham dogs. Treatment with NAC attenuated increases in collateral blood flow (28 ± 8%). Brief coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion caused ROS production (256 ± 33% of baseline values), which was abolished with NAC (104 ± 12%). Myocardial interstitial fluid produced tube formation and proliferation of VSMC and EC in occlusion but not in NAC-treated or sham dogs. The results indicate that ROS are critical for the development of the coronary collateral circulation.

angiogenesis; collateral circulation; free radicals; growth substances

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