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Increased tissue PO₂ and decreased O₂ delivery and consumption after 80% exchange transfusion with polymerized hemoglobin

Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412

Submitted 2 July 2004 ; accepted in final form 3 August 2004

The O₂-carrying blood substitute based on polymerized bovine hemoglobin (PBH) was used to determine efficacy in maintaining tissue PO₂ after an 80% isovolemic blood exchange leading to a hematocrit of 19% [5.4 g Hb/dl from red blood cells (RBCs) and 6.3 g Hb/dl from PBH]. Effects were studied in terms of O₂ delivery, O₂ extraction, and tissue PO₂ at the microcirculatory level at 1, 12, and 24 h after exchange transfusion in awake hamsters prepared with a window chamber model. At 1 h after exchange, arteriolar and venular diameters were decreased compared with baseline. Arteriolar diameter did not fully recover at 12 h after exchange, but venular diameter returned to normal. At 24 h after exchange, arteriolar and venular diameters were not different from baseline. Combining diameter and flow velocity data allowed us to calculate arteriolar and venular flows. At 1 h after exchange, arteriolar and venular flow was reduced compared with baseline. Arteriolar flow was lower at 12 h after exchange and recovered after 24 h. The number of capillaries with RBC passage [functional capillary density (FCD)] at 1 h after exchange with PBH was significantly lower than baseline. FCD remained decreased at 12 h; at 24 h after exchange transfusion, FCD was fully recovered. Tissue PO₂ was maximal at 1 h after exchange and decreased progressively at 12 and 24 h after exchange. O₂ release to the tissue was minimal at 1 h and increased at 12 and 24 h after exchange. These results suggest the impairment of tissue O₂ metabolism after introduction of PBH into the circulation, which is mitigated as PBH concentration declines.

blood substitutes; methemoglobin; functional capillary density; microcirculation

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