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Endogenous endothelin attenuates the pressor response to acute environmental stress via the ET_A receptor

¹Vascular Biology Center and Departments of ²Physiology, ³Pharmacology, and ⁴Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia

Submitted 19 August 2004 ; accepted in final form 18 November 2004

Clinical studies have documented an abrupt rise in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) coincident with an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the response to acute stress. We therefore examined the ET_A and ET_B receptor-dependent effects of ET-1 on the pressor response to acute environmental stress in ET-1-dependent hypertension. Stress was induced by administration of air jet pulses (3 min) in ET_B receptor-deficient (ET_B sl/sl) rats fed normal salt (NS; 0.8% NaCl), high salt (HS; 8% NaCl), and HS plus the ET_A receptor antagonist ABT-627 (5 mg·kg^–1·day^–1) on successive weeks. MAP was chronically monitored by telemetry. Total pressor response (area under the curve) was significantly reduced in ET_B sl/sl rats maintained on a HS vs. NS diet [–6.8 mmHg (SD 18.7) vs. 29.3 mmHg (SD 8.1) x 3 min, P < 0.05]. Conversely, the total pressor response was augmented in both wild-type [34.2 mmHg (SD 29.2) x 3 min, P < 0.05 vs. NS] and ET_B sl/sl rats [49.1 mmHg (SD 11.8) x 3 min, P < 0.05 vs. NS] by ABT-627. Blockade of ET_B receptors in Sprague-Dawley rats caused an increase in basal MAP that was enhanced by HS and lowered by mixed ET_A/ET_B receptor antagonism; none of these treatments, however, had any effect on the pressor response. These data demonstrate that increasing endogenous ET-1 suppresses the pressor response to acute stress through ET_A receptor activation in a genetic model of ET-1-dependent hypertension. These results are consistent with reports that ET-1 can attenuate sympathetically mediated responses.

adrenergic; salt-sensitive hypertension; sympathetic nervous system

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