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INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY

Novel method for measurement of medium size arterial lumen area with an impedance catheter: in vivo validation

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California; ²Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg; ³Department of Medicine, Skejby Syghus, Aarhus; and ⁴Center of Excellence for Visceral Biomechanics and Pain, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

Submitted 28 May 2004 ; accepted in final form 23 November 2004

There is no doubt that the transformation of a cardiac catheter into a conductance catheter that allows reliable and accurate assessment of lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) will provide a powerful diagnostic and treatment tool for the invasive cardiologist. The objective of this study was to develop a method based on the impedance catheter that allows accurate and reproducible measurements of CSA for medium size vessels (e.g., coronary, femoral, and carotid arteries). Two solutions of NaCl (0.5% and 1.5%) with known conductivities were injected directly into the lumen of the artery in eight swine. We showed that the CSA can be determined analytically from two Ohm's law-type algebraic equations that account for the parallel conductance of the current into the surrounding tissue. Excellent agreement was found between the conductance catheter with the proposed two-injection method and B-mode ultrasound (US). The root mean square error for the impedance measurements was 4.8% of the mean US diameter. The repeatability of the technique was assessed with duplicate measurements. The mean of the difference between the two measurements was nearly zero, and the repeatability coefficient was within 2.4% of the mean of the two measurements. The validated method was used to assess the degree of acute vasodilatation of the vessel in response to flow overload.

carotid artery; femoral artery; coronary artery; conductance catheter; cylindrical model

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