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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291: H827-H834, 2006. First published March 3, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00003.2006
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The JAK/STAT pathway is essential for opioid-induced cardioprotection: JAK2 as a mediator of STAT3, Akt, and GSK-3beta

Eric R. Gross, Anna K. Hsu, and Garrett J. Gross

Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Submitted 3 January 2006 ; accepted in final form 23 February 2006

We examined the role for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in acute opioid-induced cardioprotection (OIC) and whether opioid-induced glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibition is mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway. Rats underwent 30 min of ischemia and either 5 min or 2 h of reperfusion, followed by tissue isolation for molecular analysis or infarct size assessment, respectively. Rats were treated with vehicle, morphine (300 µg/kg), the {delta}-opioid agonist fentanyl isothiocynate (FIT, 10 µg/kg), or the GSK inhibitor SB-216763 (SB21, 600 µg/kg) 10 min before ischemia. Five minutes before opioid or SB21 treatment, some rats received the putative JAK2 inhibitor AG-490 (3 mg/kg) or the putative JAK3 inhibitor ZM-449829 (3 mg/kg). H9C2 cardiomyoblast cells were also used to investigate FIT-induced signaling (1 µM) in vitro via molecular analysis. Morphine induced the phosphorylation of JAK2, yet not JAK1, in the area at risk. Morphine, FIT, and SB21 also reduced infarct size compared with vehicle (water) when administered before ischemia [43.0 ± 2.8, 39.1 ± 3.1, and 42.1 ± 2.5 (*P < 0.001, respectively) vs. 58.1 ± 1.3%, respectively]. AG-490 abrogated OIC, whereas ZM-449829 had no effect on OIC. Cardioprotection was afforded by SB21 even in the presence of AG-490. Morphine phosphorylated STAT3, Akt, and GSK-3beta, and phosphorylation was abrogated by AG-490. FIT stimulation of H9C2 cells also caused a time-dependent phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and GSK-3beta, and this effect was abrogated by AG-490. STAT3 phosphorylation was also dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in both tissue and H9C2 cells. These data suggest that OIC occurs via the JAK2 regulation of PI3K pathway-dependent STAT3, Akt, and GSK-3beta, with GSK-3beta contributing a central role in acute OIC.

Janus-activated kinase; glycogen synthase kinase; opioids; morphine; infarct size


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: G. J. Gross, Medical College of Wisconsin, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226 (e-mail: ggross{at}mcw.edu)




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