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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 292/3/H1313    most recent 00867.2006v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (3) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Gui, Y. Articles by Zheng, X.-L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Gui, Y. Articles by Zheng, X.-L.

Endoreduplication of human smooth muscle cells induced by 2-methoxyestradiol: a role for cyclin-dependent kinase 2

Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Submitted 11 August 2006 ; accepted in final form 18 October 2006

Endoreduplication has been suggested to contribute to the development of hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in hypertension. However, endoreduplication in vascular SMCs and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Treatment of human SMCs with 10 µM 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) for 24 h induces accumulation of cells with 4N DNA content, and some polyploid/aneuploid cells actively synthesize their DNA, suggesting the occurrence of endoreduplication. In addition, 2-ME treatment upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). The present study was designed to characterize endoreduplication of human SMCs and explore the potential roles of Cdk2 in endoreduplication induced by 2-ME. Treatment with 2-ME (10 µM) for 2–4 days not only caused increases in >4N cells and their reentry into S phase but also induced overduplication of chromosomes. Furthermore, 2-ME increased the kinase activity of Cdk2 and its interaction with cyclin E. Inducible overexpression of dominant-negative Cdk2 in human SMCs inhibited both DNA synthesis of >4N cells and the accumulation of >4N cells induced by 2-ME. We conclude that 2-ME induces endoreduplication of human SMCs and Cdk2 plays an important role in endoreduplication in response to 2-ME.

estrogen metabolite; polyploidization; cell cycle; laser scanning; cytometry; microtubule-interfering agents

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