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1Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and 2Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
Submitted 14 March 2006 ; accepted in final form 10 November 2006
Although it has been shown that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide downregulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption during early reperfusion, its effects on inducible NOS (iNOS) induction and myocardial injury during late reperfusion are unknown. Wild-type (WT) and eNOS–/– mice were subjected to 30 min of coronary ligation followed by reperfusion. Expression of iNOS mRNA and protein levels and peroxynitrite production were lower in postischemic myocardium of eNOS–/– mice than levels in WT mice 48 h postreperfusion. Significantly improved hemodynamics (±dP/dt, left ventricular systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure), increased rate pressure product, and reduced myocardial infarct size (18 ± 2.5% vs. 31 ± 4.6%) were found 48 h after reperfusion in eNOS–/– mice compared with WT mice. Myocardial infarct size was also significantly decreased in WT mice treated with the specific iNOS inhibitor 1400W (20.5 ± 3.4%) compared with WT mice treated with PBS (33.9 ± 5.3%). A marked reperfusion-induced hyperoxygenation state was observed by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry in postischemic myocardium, but PO2 values were significantly lower from 1 to 72 h in eNOS–/– than in WT mice. Cytochrome c-oxidase activity and NADH dehydrogenase activity were significantly decreased in postischemic myocardium in WT and eNOS–/– mice compared with baseline control, respectively, and NADH dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in eNOS–/– than in WT mice. Thus deficiency of eNOS exerted a sustained beneficial effect on postischemic myocardium 48 h after reperfusion with preserved mitochondrial function, which appears to be due to decreased iNOS induction and decreased iNOS-derived peroxynitrite in postischemic myocardium.
oxygen; superoxide; peroxynitrite; mitochondria; electron paramagnetic resonance; ischemia-reperfusion
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