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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H2817-H2823, 2007. First published February 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00936.2006
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Wave intensity analysis of left ventricular filling: application of windkessel theory

Jacqueline A. Flewitt, Tracy N. Hobson, Jiun Wang, Jr., Clifton R. Johnston, Nigel G. Shrive, Israel Belenkie, Kim H. Parker, and John V. Tyberg

Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta and Departments of Cardiac Sciences, Physiology and Biophysics, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Submitted 29 August 2006 ; accepted in final form 30 January 2007

We extend our recently published windkessel-wave interpretation of vascular function to the wave intensity analysis (WIA) of left ventricular (LV) filling dynamics by separating the pressure changes due to the windkessel from those due to traveling waves. With the use of LV compliance, the change in pressure due solely to LV volume changes (windkessel pressure) can be isolated. Inasmuch as the pressure measured in the cardiovascular system is the sum of its windkessel and wave components (excess pressure), it can be substituted into WIA, yielding the isolated wave effects on LV filling. Our study of six open-chest dogs demonstrated that once the windkessel effects are removed from WIA, the energy of diastolic suction is 2.6 times greater than we previously calculated. Volume-related changes in pressure (i.e., the windkessel or reservoir effect) must be considered first when wave motion is analyzed.

transmitral flow; mitral velocity; E wave; diastolic suction


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. V. Tyberg, Health Sciences Centre, Univ. of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1 Canada (e-mail: jtyberg{at}ucalgary.ca)






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