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In vitro study of LDL transport under pressurized (convective) conditions

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY; and ²Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

Submitted 30 October 2006 ; accepted in final form 21 February 2007

It is difficult to assess the transport pathways that carry low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into the artery wall in vivo, and there has been no previous in vitro study that has examined transendothelial transport under physiologically relevant pressurized (convective) conditions. Therefore, we measured water, albumin, and LDL fluxes across bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) monolayers in vitro and determined the relative contributions of vesicles, paracellular transport through "breaks" in the tight junction, and "leaky" junctions associated with dying or dividing cells. Our results show that leaky junctions are the dominant pathway for LDL transport (>90%) under convective conditions and that albumin also has a significant component of transport through leaky junctions (44%). Transcellular transport of LDL by receptor-mediated processes makes a minor contribution (<10%) to overall transport under convective conditions.

low-density lipoprotein permeability; albumin permeability; water flux; bovine aortic endothelial cells

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