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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H1892-H1899, 2007. First published June 22, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00493.2007
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Mitochondria are targets for geranylgeranylacetone-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion in the rat heart

Tetsuji Shinohara,1 Naohiko Takahashi,1 Hiroaki Kohno,1 Kunitoshi Yamanaka,1 Tatsuhiko Ooie,2 Osamu Wakisaka,1 Yukichi Murozono,1 Yayoi Taniguchi,2 Yasuko Torigoe,2 Masahide Hara,1 Tatsuo Shimada,3 Tetsunori Saikawa,2 and Hironobu Yoshimatsu1

1Department of Internal Medicine 1, 2Department of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine, and 3Department of Health Science, School of Nursing, Oita University, Oita, Japan

Submitted 24 April 2007 ; accepted in final form 19 June 2007

It has been shown that orally administered geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an anti-ulcer drug, induces expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and provides protection against ischemia-reperfusion in rat hearts. The underlying protective mechanisms, however, remain unknown. Mitochondria have been shown to be a selective target for heat stress-induced cardioprotection. Therefore, we hypothesized that preservation of mitochondrial function, owing to an opening of a putative channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel, could be involved in GGA- or heat stress-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion. Rats were treated with oral GGA or vehicle. Twenty-four hours later, each heart was isolated and perfused with a Langendorff apparatus. GGA-treated hearts showed better functional recovery, and less creatine kinase was released during a 30-min reperfusion period, after 20 min of no-flow ischemia. Concomitant perfusion with 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 µM) or glibenclamide (10 µM) abolished the GGA-induced cardioprotective effect. GGA also showed preserved mitochondrial respiratory function, isolated at the end of the reperfusion period, which was abolished with 5-HD treatment. GGA prevented destruction of the mitochondrial structure by ischemia-reperfusion, as shown by electron microscopy. In cultured cardiomyocytes, GGA induced HSP72 expression and resulted in less damage to cells, including less apoptosis in response to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Treatment with 5-HD abolished the GGA-induced cardioprotective effects but did not affect HSP72 expression. Our results indicate that preserved mitochondrial respiratory function, owing to GGA-induced HSP72 expression, may, at least in part, have a role in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion. These processes may involve opening of the mitoKATP channel.

heat shock protein 72; mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel; 5-hydroxydecanoate; glibenclamide


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. Shinohara, Dept. of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Oita Univ., 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Oita 879-5593, Japan (e-mail: shinohar{at}med.oita-u.ac.jp)




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