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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294: H622-H632, 2008. First published November 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00530.2007
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Astrocytes are a key conduit for upstream signaling of vasodilation during cerebral cortical neuronal activation in vivo

Hao-Liang Xu, Lizhen Mao, Shuhua Ye, Chanannait Paisansathan, Francesco Vetri, and Dale A. Pelligrino

Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Submitted 3 April 2007 ; accepted in final form 26 November 2007

Astrocytes play an important role in the coupling between neuronal activity and brain blood flow via their capacity to "sense" neuronal activity and transmit that information to parenchymal arterioles. Here we show another role for astrocytes in neurovascular coupling: the ability to act as a signaling conduit for the vitally important process of upstream vasodilation (represented by pial arterioles) during both excessive (seizure) and physiological (sciatic nerve stimulation) increases in cerebral cortical neuronal activity. The predominance of an astrocytic rather than a vascular route was indicated by data showing that pial arteriolar-dilating responses to neuronal activation were completely blocked following selective disruption of the superficial glia limitans, whereas interference with interendothelial signaling was without effect. Results also revealed contributions from connexin 43, implying a role for gap junctions and/or hemichannels in the signaling process and that signaling from the glia limitans to pial arterioles may involve a diffusible mediator.

bicuculline; connexin; gap junction; glia limitans; L-{alpha}-aminoadipic acid; sciatic nerve stimulation


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. A. Pelligrino, Neuroanesthesia Research Lab., Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Rm. E-714E, Chicago, IL 60612 (e-mail: dpell{at}uic.edu)




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