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Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 gene inactivation on cardiac autonomic and left ventricular function in experimental diabetes

¹Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, and Departments of ²Pediatric Cardiology, and ³Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and ⁴University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Submitted 30 June 2008 ; accepted in final form 3 December 2008

Glucose-mediated oxidative stress and the upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway activity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several vascular complications of diabetes including diabetic neuropathy. However, in nondiabetic subjects, the cardiovascular safety of selective COX-2 inhibition is controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the links between hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, activation of the COX-2 pathway, cardiac sympathetic integrity, and the development of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in experimental diabetes. R wave-to-R wave interval (R-R interval) and parameters of LV function measured by echocardiography using 1% isoflurane, LV sympathetic nerve fiber density, LV collagen content, and markers of myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, and PG content were assessed after 6 mo in control and diabetic COX-2-deficient (COX-2^–/–) and littermate, wild-type (COX-2^+/+) mice. There were no differences in blood glucose, LV echocardiographic measures, collagen content, sympathetic nerve fiber density, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation between nondiabetic (ND) COX-2^+/+ and COX-2^–/– mice at baseline and thereafter. After 6 mo, diabetic COX-2^+/+ mice developed significant deteriorations in the R-R interval and signs of LV dysfunction. These were associated with a loss of LV sympathetic nerve fiber density, increased LV collagen content, and a significant increase in myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation compared with those of ND mice. Diabetic COX-2^–/– mice were protected against all these biochemical, structural, and functional deficits. These data suggest that in experimental diabetes, selective COX-2 inactivation confers protection against sympathetic denervation and LV dysfunction by reducing intramyocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial fibrosis.

sympathetic function; oxidative stress; inflammation

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