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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H1451-H1456, 2009. First published March 13, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00894.2008
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The endothelial glycocalyx mediates shear-induced changes in hydraulic conductivity

Sandra V. Lopez-Quintero, Ronny Amaya, Manolis Pahakis, and John M. Tarbell

Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York

Submitted 14 August 2008 ; accepted in final form 9 March 2009

Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have reported fluid shear stress-induced increases in endothelial layer hydraulic conductivity (Lp) that are mediated by an increased production of nitric oxide (NO). Other recent studies have shown that NO induction by shear stress is mediated by the glycocalyx that decorates the surface of endothelial cells. Here we find that a selective depletion of the major components of the glycocalyx with enzymes can block the shear stress-induced response of Lp. Heparinase and hyaluronidase block shear-induced increases in Lp, which is consistent with their effects on NO production. But chondroitinase, which does not suppress shear-induced NO production, also inhibits shear-induced Lp. A further surprise is that treatment with the general proteolytic enzyme pronase does not suppress the shear Lp response. We also find that heparinase does not alter baseline Lp significantly, whereas chondroitinase, hyaluronidase, and pronase increase it significantly.

endothelium; nitric oxide; shear stress


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. M. Tarbell, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City Univ. of New York, Steinman Hall, Rm. T403, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031 (e-mail: tarbell{at}ccny.cuny.edu)






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