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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 296/6/H1811    most recent 00920.2008v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Reed, R. Articles by Rocic, P. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Reed, R. Articles by Rocic, P.

Redox-sensitive Akt and Src regulate coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome

Departments of ¹Biochemistry and ²Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; ³Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and ⁴Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama

Submitted 21 August 2008 ; accepted in final form 27 March 2009

We have recently shown that the inability of repetitive ischemia (RI) to activate p38 MAPK (p38) and Akt in metabolic syndrome [JCR:LA-cp (JCR)] rats was associated with impaired coronary collateral growth (CCG). Furthermore, Akt and p38 activation correlated with optimal O₂^–· levels and were altered in JCR rats, and redox-sensitive p38 activation was required for CCG. Here, we determined whether the activation of Src, a possible upstream regulator, was altered in JCR rats and whether redox-dependent Src and Akt activation were required for CCG. CCG was assessed by myocardial blood flow (microspheres) and kinase activation was assessed by Western blot analysis in the normal zone and collateral-dependent zone (CZ). RI induced Src activation (3-fold) in healthy [Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)] animals but not in JCR animals. Akt inhibition decreased (50%), and Src inhibition blocked RI-induced CCG in WKY rats. Src inhibition decreased p38 and Akt activation. Myocardial oxidative stress (O₂^–· and oxidized/reduced thiols) was measured quantitatively (X-band electron paramagnetic resonance). An antioxidant, apocynin, reduced RI-induced oxidative stress in JCR rats to levels induced by RI in WKY rats versus the reduction in WKY rats to very low levels. This resulted in a significant restoration of p38 (80%), Akt (65%), and Src (90%) activation in JCR rats but decreased the activation in WKY rats (p38: 45%, Akt: 65%, and Src: 100%), correlating with reduced CZ flow in WKY rats (70%), but significantly restored CZ flow in JCR rats (75%). We conclude that 1) Akt and Src are required for CCG, 2) Src is a redox-sensitive upstream regulator of RI-induced p38 and Akt activation, and 3) optimal oxidative stress levels are required for RI-induced p38, Akt, and Src activation and CCG.

signal transduction; oxidative stress; coronary artery disease; syndrome X