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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 297/1/H475    most recent 00972.2008v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Lawrence, A. R. Articles by Gooch, K. J. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lawrence, A. R. Articles by Gooch, K. J.

Transmural pressure and axial loading interactively regulate arterial remodeling ex vivo

¹Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and ²Department of Biomedical Engineering and Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Submitted 5 September 2008 ; accepted in final form 11 May 2009

Physiological axial strains range between 40 and 60% in arteries, resulting in stresses comparable to those due to normal blood pressure or flow. To investigate the contribution of axial strain to arterial remodeling and function, porcine carotid arteries were cultured for 9 days at physiological and reduced axial stretch ratios in the presence of normotensive and hypertensive transmural pressures by ex vivo perfusion techniques. Consistent with previous in vivo studies, vessels cultured with physiological levels of axial strain and exposed to hypertensive pressure had greater mass, wall area, and outer diameter relative to those cultured at the same axial stretch ratio and normotensive pressure. Reducing the amount of axial strain resulted in mass loss and decreased cell proliferation. Culture in a hypertensive pressure environment at reduced axial strain produced arteries with greater contractility in response to norepinephrine. Arteries cultured at reduced axial strain with the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001 maintained their masses over culture, indicating a possible mechanism for this model of axial stretch-dependent remodeling. Although not historically considered one of the primary stimuli for remodeling, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that axial strain had an impact similar to or greater than transmural pressure on various remodeling indexes (i.e., outer diameter, wall area, and wet mass), suggesting that axial strain is a primary mediator of vascular remodeling.

hypertension; organ culture; stress; longitudinal strain; matrix metalloproteinase inhibition